Say, Mark
Zuckerberg, the chief executive officer of Facebook, releases a video in which
he confesses stealing personal information of its users and says that he is
considering to shut Facebook down. In all probability, you would be viewing that
video and sharing it too, right? Very few among us would actually think about
the authenticity of that video before hitting that share button.
Those
who do end up sharing such seemingly fake videos get fooled by Artificial Intelligence.
Using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) technology, these days it’s
possible for anyone to make a fake video using a technique popularly known as
Deepfake.
“These
fake videos look so real that it’s almost impossible to distinguish between the
real one and the fake one,” said Nitnem Singh Sodhi, a cyber expert based in
Lucknow.
“These
days, hundreds of videos are doing the rounds, in which a celebrity or a
politician is saying something, but the voice belongs to someone else. Such
videos often go viral and get shared. “There are many software available in the
online market. Anyone can download the Deepfake software and create very convincing
fake videos by editing photos and videos,” added Nitnem, who has been working
on this subject for the past eight years.
Last
year, a video of Mark Zuckerberg did go viral, in which he was talking
negatively about his own company. After a few days Barak Obama, former President
of the USA, “commented” on current President Donald Trump. Both the videos went
viral and both Zuckerberg and Obama had to clarify that the videos were bogus.
These videos were made using Deepfake using Artificial Intelligence.
Who started
this?
When Gaon
Connection reporter asked Nitnem about the origin of this menace, he said: “It
is difficult to pinpoint one person. If people want to stay away from such videos,
they should not share such videos without authenticating them. Citizens will
have to behave responsibly.”
According
to a report, Korean company Samsung invented this Deepfake software wherein a single picture could be converted into a full-fledged video clip.
These
days, the Deepfake software is used during elections to spread fake news and
videos. This is done to malign the image of rival candidates. In the case of
celebrities, their fake sex tapes or “porn videos” are released to mock them or
to ruin their marriages. These videos often go viral on YouTube, WhatsApp,
porn sites or Vimeo.
“Anyone
can make Deepfake videos. People are using this software to malign images of
politicians, including the prominent ones like Prime Minister Narendra Modi or Rahul
Gandhi. This is a modified version of fake news,” said Chatak Bajpai, a cybersecurity expert.
This is
how you can identify Deepfake videos
Dr Mukul
Srivastava, Dean of Department of Journalism and Mass Communication in the University of Lucknow, told Gaon Connection that Google and Yandex have
provided reverse image service, wherein these search engines search for images
that are exact copies of the source image or that differ in minor ways from the
source image. Using this, one can upload a suspect image and then look for its
source image’s date of uploading.
He has
written many articles on cyber-crime and has been spreading awareness through Facebook.
While
explaining the pros and cons of Deepfake videos, he told Gaon Connection that
Amnesty International, a London-based non-profit organization, which works to
protect people from social abuses, has teamed up with YouTube and has launched
YouTube Viewer to verify videos uploaded and its background.
“In
order to authenticate the video, one needs to re-play the video again and
again. One should always look for specific details like posters, banners,
number plate of vehicles, landmarks, clothes of people in the video, their
spoken language etc. All this should be considered before falling into the
trap. One should think why a particular video was sent to them. Was it shared
to spread awareness, educate or for provocation?”
Cyber-crime
has been on a rise
According
to security software firm Symantec, in 2017, India was ranked third globally, behind
the US and China, as a source of malicious activity. According to the National
Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), over 966 cyber-crimes were reported in 2010, which
rose to 12,317 in 2016. In other words, there has been an increase of 1,175% in
cyber-crimes over the past six years.
Creating
Deepfake video is a criminal offence. Cyber-crimes have costed India Rs 24,630
crore in 2013 alone, according to a report commissioned by the Delhi High
Court.
Cyber
security crimes, such as phishing, scanning, introducing malicious code,
website intrusion and denial of service, rose to 76% over the past five years
–from 28,127 in 2011 to 49,455 in 2015. While 28,127 cyber-crimes were
reported in 2011, they rose to 49,455 in 2016. Financial fraud, stalking, online
identity theft, forgery, information piracy have been categorized as the common
cyber-crimes these days.
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